Gen. J.F.R. Jacob was of two-star rank
during the 1971 Bangladesh War. You can see him watching over the signing
ceremony when Gen
Niazi of Pakistan surrendered to Gen Aurora of the Indian Army.
In 1996, when India was observing the 25th
anniversary of the Bangladesh War, Jacob wrote a piece in the Indian Express,
in which he recalled examining the revolver that Gen Niazi had surrendered. It
was an old, rusted one, certainly not the kind that would have been the
personal firearm of a general. This was the final joke that Niazi was playing
on India, Jacob surmised.
During a recent visit to the Victoria
Memorial Museum, Kolkata, I saw two swords. One was of Aurangazeb, with his
name inscribed on it, and the other of Mir Jafar, the general of the then Nawab
of Bengal Siraj ud-Daulah. Jafar is said to have betrayed Daulah that led to
the defeat of the last Nawab of Bengal in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. That
was the end of Mughal domination and beginning of the British Empire in India.
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The Museums of India record of Aurangazeb's sword. http://museumsofindia.gov.in/repository/record/vmh_kol-R10268-16659
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Both Aurangazeb and Jafar used thin, long, slightly curved blades. The non-cutting edge has a perpendicular reinforcement to strengthen the cutting weapons. The handles would have been the ultimate in ergonomic design of those days, because both were powerful men. Aurangazeb’s grip is simple, whereas Jafar’s is made of ivory with stone inlay.
The victory at Plassey was the crowning
glory for Robert Clive, the man who started as a writer (clerk) in the East
India Company’s office in Fort St. George, Chennai. In fact, Clive and his
bunch of military adventurists were surprised at the ease with the Indian
kingdoms fell like dominoes in the 50 years between 1707 (when Aurangazeb died
and the decline of the Mughal Empire started) and 1757.
Clive was a colonel at
the time of Plassey, which is the equivalent of a unit commander in the
present-day Indian Army. And this man spearheaded the defeat of a large
country.
If any Indian power could have offered
resistance against this onslaught, it could have been the Marathas, who had by
then a group of kingdoms in their command. But then they were busy fighting
amongst themselves.
At the Victoria Museum, I saw the personal
weapons of two men – one who was the last custodian of the idea of India before
it was colonised, and the other who helped destroy this idea. The country had
to wait another 190 years before the idea could return.
History is value neutral. It happened,
that’s it. But when we try to make sense of it we add value, prejudice and
bias.
In these recent years, when the
Aurangazeb Road in Delhi was renamed to A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Road, history
rewriters were punishing the Mughal Emperor for his atrocities against the
Hindus. Kalam was a nice man; affable, avuncular and with an ability to goad
youngsters to success. But as a historical figure he never was and never will
be a patch on Aurangazeb.
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| Aurangazeb's tomb near Aurangabad in Maharashtra. Photo by SGW. |
